Frequently asked questions

The Business Banking Resolution Service (BBRS) is an independent, not-for-profit company limited by guarantee and incorporated in England and Wales with registered number 12096333. The BBRS is now closed to new registrations.

The BBRS was established to provide an industry-funded independent service to resolve eligible disputes between SMEs and participating banks, with a view to delivering fair, reasonable and independent outcomes and without the need for litigation or external legal support. You can find out more here.

The BBRS is governed by an independent Board, with relevant industry experience and knowledge of the broader stakeholder community. You can find out more about this here.

Yes, the BBRS is independent. You can find out more about how the BBRS is run here.

Our funding mechanism and corporate structure are designed to ensure our independence. For example, there is no link between a bank’s funding and any individual case.

The independence of our Chief Adjudicator is safeguarded directly by the Scheme Rules and the BBRS’ Articles of Association. And the organisation’s independence is safeguarded by our independent Board.

Most importantly, we approach the review of evidence and decision-making with objectivity and impartiality. We are committed to reaching decisions which are fair & reasonable in all the circumstances.

Where customers and their banks don’t agree, the BBRS has the power to investigate complaints and decide what is fair and reasonable in the circumstances. The BBRS can only do this for cases that were registered before midnight on 13^th December 2024.

If the BBRS finds a complaint should be upheld, it can require the relevant bank to make financial and non-financial awards which are fair and reasonable, taking into account all relevant information available. You can read more about this here.

The BBRS does not have the power to overturn decisions by the Financial Ombudsman Service or by a court.

We will keep customers up to date with our progress and give as much information as possible regarding the timeline of their case.

Overall we are dealing with cases in the order in which they have been registered with us. However, we will take steps to bring forward cases where timing creates vulnerability, for example, a person suffering serious illness or other life-changing event: our Customer Champions will discuss this confidentially with users of the service who believe this applies to them.

We will regularly review all of the cases registered with us. For example to see if cases can be reviewed quickly, because the problem is clear and easily resolved, or because the case is plainly ineligible and needs to be directed towards other services.

The BBRS is funded by the participating banks. The BBRS is independently operated, managed and governed. You can find out more here.

The BBRS’ Contemporary Scheme closed to new registrations at midnight on 13^th December 2024. However, the Contemporary Scheme and the BBRS, as a company, will remain open to allow the organisation to progress all cases registered before this date.

The demand anticipated at the set-up of the BBRS did not transpire and whilst there was an extension to the Contemporary Scheme from 2023 into 2024,  it was ultimately decided that the Contemporary Scheme should close to new registrations on 13^th December 2024 at midnight.

Once all cases that were registered on, or before, 13^th December 2024. have been reviewed by the BBRS and worked to completion, the process to close the Contemporary Scheme and then the BBRS, as a company, will begin.

The casework process doesn’t change because we’re closing the scheme.

All BBRS staff are dedicated to ensuring customers continue to receive the best possible service and this will not change.

All cases registered with the BBRS before 13^th December 2024 at midnight will be worked to completion, however long that takes. Your Customer Champion and our online Case Management System will remain active, allowing you to access our services.

No. The last date for registrations was midnight on 13^th December 2024. Only cases registered before this date can be worked to completion.

The Financial Ombudsman Service can consider complaints from micro-enterprises and small businesses with an annual turnover of less than £6.5 million. If you are unsure about your eligibility for that service, you can find details here.

Important: The Financial Ombudsman Service has a deadline for bringing complaint(s) of six months after the date of the bank’s final response letter to you. If you miss this deadline, you will most likely lose the opportunity to have your complaint independently reviewed.

If you have a case registered with the BBRS, your Customer Champion will keep you informed of any developments with your case. You can also contact the BBRS by sending an email to hello@thebbrs.org or calling us on 0345 646 8825.

The BBRS will be unable to help with inquiries about cases that were not registered by 13^th December 2024.

For general updates about the BBRS, please visit our website or you can follow us on X and/or LinkedIn.

No. The last date for registrations was midnight on 13^th December 2024. The BBRS cannot accept any new cases after this date.

You must have complained to your bank before you referred your complaint to the BBRS.

In most cases your bank will have provided you with a final response letter summarising the outcome of your complaint and informing you of your right to refer the matter to the BBRS if you remained unsatisfied with the outcome.

Alternatively, your bank may have sent you a holding letter, explaining that it needed more time to issue a final response letter but still gave you the right to refer your complaint to the BBRS, this could be accepted in place of a final response letter.

If you have a final response letter or a holding letter but haven’t yet sent a copy to us, please provide us with a copy as soon as you can.

Unfortunately, the last date for registrations was midnight on 13^th December 2024. The BBRS cannot accept any new cases after this date

The Financial Ombudsman Service can consider complaints from micro-enterprises and small businesses with an annual turnover of less than £6.5 million. If you are unsure about your eligibility for that service, you can find details here.

Important: The Financial Ombudsman Service has a deadline for bringing complaint(s) of six months after the date of the bank’s final response letter to you. If you miss this deadline, you will most likely lose the opportunity to have your complaint independently reviewed.

Yes, however, please note they will also need to undergo our identification checks. You can find out more about this process here. We are committed to ensuring our service is accessible to all eligible customers who registered before the deadline and will make reasonable adjustments to accommodate your needs. If you need a reasonable adjustment to allow you to use our service, such as allowing a support worker to help you with the process, then please talk to your customer champion about this.

Our service has been designed to ensure that customers who have registered before midnight on the 13^th December 2024  do not need any representatives (legal or other). You will be supported by your customer champion, who will be your BBRS point of contact. You can find out more about the customer champion’s role here.

You will be assigned a customer champion when we start work on your case.

When we are ready to start reviewing your complaint, you will be assigned a customer champion. Your customer champion will guide you through the process of providing your complaint to the BBRS and sending us any evidence you may have assembled.

Until your customer champion has specifically asked you to do so, please do not send any files, email attachments or correspondence in relation to your case (or any cases you are authorised to represent), either directly or via a representative.

We want to provide resolutions to complaints as soon as possible, but we must balance this with the need to be as rigorous as possible in our decision-making. We want to get this right.

The date each customer receives the outcome for their case will also depend on the facts of each individual case, for example how long it might take to assemble all the evidence, the complexity of the case and whether either party wants to appeal the outcome.

The customer champion will discuss mediation options with the customer. Both the customer and the bank must agree in order for mediation to take place.

Agreeing to either informal or formal mediation does not affect consideration of the complaint should settlement not be achieved: in that case, the complaint will instead continue through to adjudication (if it is eligible).

Yes. Customers will be given access to our specially designed online system to upload documents and evidence. At the appropriate time, the customer will be given the chance to see any evidence the bank has provided, and simultaneously the bank will be able to see any evidence the customer has uploaded.

Under our rules, the customer and the bank can ask that certain confidential information is not shared with the other party. If such a request is made, we will carefully consider whether it is appropriate to keep the information confidential or whether we believe that it should be shared.

If we believe that there are good reasons why a document should not be shared, or only shared in redacted form, we will explain how we have used it in our decision-making.

If we believe that the evidence should be shared, the party requesting that it should be withheld will be informed of our decision and can choose to share it with the other party, or withdraw that evidence altogether.

The BBRS has been designed to be simple and easy to use. Our staff will support customers throughout the process so nobody should feel the need to rely on a professional adviser. Customers who wish to do so can obtain advice from someone else at their own expense and, depending on their circumstances, may be able to authorise a natural person (a human being and not a company or legal entity) to deal with their case. Our Scheme Rules set out who can bring a complaint on a customer’s behalf. If you are unsure about these requirements, please speak to your customer champion, call us on 0345 646 8825 or email us at hello@thebbrs.org.

We use the last set of filed accounts for the financial year ending immediately before the date of complaint to the Bank. Where there is an indication the last filed accounts pertain to an exceptional year, the Case Assessor may find it appropriate to consider the previous two years’ accounts also.

The BBRS is not a criminal investigation organisation.

However, if there are allegations of criminal conduct such as forgery or fraud the BBRS is able to continue to review the complaint. Victims of such crimes rarely receive full compensation. The BBRS will look at a case and establish whether an act or omission on behalf of the bank caused a loss for the customer, and what fair compensation might be.

If we consider that the case involves strong indications of serious criminal conduct, we would consider notifying the appropriate authorities after raising the issue with the Bank.

If you accept a Determination made by the BBRS, this becomes enforceable against the bank. The Settlement Deed that you have signed in accepting the Determination explains this.

If there are any issues with enforcing a Determination, please reach out to your Customer Champion for assistance.

Once the Contemporary Scheme has closed (after we have reviewed all open cases), please continue to contact the BBRS for assistance by emailing us at hello@thebbrs.org.

After the BBRS has closed, you can contact the bank directly to request compliance with the decision. If the bank does not voluntarily comply with the Determination, you can apply to the courts to enforce the decision. Your rights to enforce the accepted Determination, after the BBRS has closed, are protected by the terms of the Participation Deed (clause 7.5).

Customers will not be asked to sign an NDA for BBRS adjudication. We do ask that all parties involved in resolving a case to keep information confidential because we believe that it helps encourage openness by the parties and thus more likely lead to fair and reasonable outcomes.

So that the customer, the BBRS and the bank can communicate effectively, they all need to have assurances that what is said or shared during the dispute resolution process will not be used against them later.

Nothing in our rules prevents customers from sharing information with a professional adviser or other representative in order to obtain advice, provided that person agrees to be bound by the same confidentiality. Customers can also disclose information to enforce a determination in their favour before a court of law if this is necessary.

We welcome general enquiries about the BBRS and our service. If someone gets in touch for a general query and does not discuss a particular complaint or disclose personal details, we will not need to conduct an identity check.

In all other cases, we will need to check the identity of anybody who gets in touch about a complaint. You can find out more about this here.

We do not publish personally identifiable information relating to cases but over time we have provided summaries of case decisions, thematic insights based on the cases we have seen, and we have produced anonymised case studies.

Yes, you can apply to appeal an Eligibility Assessment or Determination made by the BBRS.

There may be situations in which either a customer or the bank feel there is more to be considered about the case and wish to appeal the whole or part of an Eligibility Assessment or Determination.

The party wishing to appeal will need to submit an Appeal Notice (the form will be provided to you by your Customer Champion) to the Chief Adjudicator, within the time limit specified in the decision document that is being appealed, specifying the grounds of appeal.

You can read more about this here.

Yes, the BBRS’ decision is final once it has been accepted by the customer or, if not accepted, once it has been appealed and, then, accepted. You can find out information regarding our appeal process here. You are, however, able to decline the BBRS’ determination and pursue other action against the bank if you wish.

Accepting the outcome means you can no longer pursue the specific complaint against your bank with the BBRS or anywhere else, including legal proceedings or any sort of alternative dispute resolution, except to enforce the Determination in court should that be necessary.

Your data will only be used in line with our Privacy Policy and Cookies Policy.

Taking a complaint to the BBRS does not mean you will give up your right to bring legal proceedings against your bank unless you decide to accept our determination or otherwise settle your claim against your bank. You may decide to not accept the BBRS determination or withdraw your complaint from the BBRS at any time. In either of these instances, you can pursue your complaint elsewhere if you wish to.

Normal court time limits may still apply even if you bring your complaint to the BBRS and continue to run while the BBRS deals with your complaint. You may discuss the implications for your case with your customer champion.

The BBRS may consider complaints ineligible if a customer has previously taken or concluded legal proceedings against their bank which have already covered the complaint being made.

If you decide to accept a BBRS Determination for your complaint, this will be a full and final settlement. You will therefore be agreeing not to pursue any further proceedings about the complaint. You will be able to use the BBRS Determination to enforce the settlement in court in the event that your bank has not complied with the determination.

No. A moratorium will be granted or refused solely at the discretion of the relevant bank. If you believe that a moratorium may be appropriate to your current circumstances, we recommend contacting your bank.

We understand that in some situations customers may seek a moratorium from legal proceedings direct from their bank as a result of bringing their complaints to the BBRS. Participating banks have agreed to consider requests for a moratorium on a case by case basis where complaints have been registered with the BBRS.

In these situations, it is entirely the bank’s decision whether or not to grant a moratorium and for the bank to consider the relevance (or not) of registration of a complaint with the BBRS. If the bank requires proof of registration, the automated confirmation email you received when registering an interest should be considered as sufficient proof to the bank, a court, or other party that there has indeed been a registration of interest with the BBRS.

Ultimately, it is for the court to decide whether or not to grant any adjournment of legal proceedings. As an impartial, independent banking complaints resolution service, the BBRS is not an advocate for complainants or for their banks and therefore will not intervene in legal proceedings, make requests for adjournments or any other matter on behalf of complainants.

In the unlikely event that the court requires further confirmation from the BBRS that a complaint has been registered with us, on request we would confirm this directly to the court.

If a customer fails to comply with the scheme rules or the customer agreement, the BBRS reserves the right not to consider a complaint further.

The BBRS is now closed to new registrations. More details on eligibility criteria can be found here.

To use the BBRS’ services you will need to meet our eligibility criteria. More detailed information can be found here, but broadly we are able to assist with claims:

• From UK registered businesses, partnerships, trusts, charities, friendly societies and co-operative societies
• Relating to an unresolved complaint against one of the banks participating in the BBRS (please see list included below)
• Relating to incidents (acts or omissions on the part of the bank) that took place on or after 1 April 2019.
• For contemporary cases (from 1 April 2019 onwards) businesses must have a turnover/income up to £10m per annum; and total assets up to £7.5m.
• The complaint must also not be eligible for the Financial Ombudsman Service

It is the responsibility of the BBRS to determine the eligibility of your complaint for our service. If you want more information, please contact our team whose contact information can be found here.

If your complaint is eligible for the Financial Ombudsman Service, you must take it there, because we will not be able to deal with it. If you are unsure about your eligibility for that service, you can find details here.

Important: The Financial Ombudsman Service has a deadline for submission of complaint(s) of six months after the date of the bank’s final response letter to you. If you miss this deadline, and you need to take your complaint there, you will most likely lose the opportunity to have your complaint independently reviewed.

If we are asked to consider a complaint that falls outside our eligibility criteria and we believe we should be able to consider it, we will write to the bank, explain why we should consider it and seek their agreement to do so. The banks have agreed to act reasonably and in good faith when considering our requests, including clear explanations if they disagree with us, you can find out more information on this here.

There are currently seven banks for which we are able to accept complaints: Barclays Bank PLC and Barclays Bank UK PLC; Danske Bank; HSBC UK Bank plc; Lloyds Banking Group (Lloyds Bank plc, Bank of Scotland plc and Lloyds TSB Bank Plc); NatWest Group (including The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc, National Westminster Bank plc, Coutts & Company and Ulster Bank Limited (Northern Ireland)); Santander UK plc; and Virgin Money (including Clydesdale Bank PLC and Yorkshire Bank).

Alternative trading names and subsidiary banks within the corporate group of the participating banks are also eligible for the BBRS. Please contact us if you are uncertain.

If you meet all our eligibility criteria, we will be able to consider a complaint relating to the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILS). In doing so, we will take account of the regulatory context surrounding the provision of a loan under the CBILS, which were modified by the regulators to enable the timely provision of such loans.

Where a case relates to a subsidiary of our participating banks is registered with the BBRS  we will consider whether the case is one we can help with.

The purpose of the BBRS is to provide an alternative to litigation. If the subject matter of the complaint has been subject to a judgment or order of a court, it is unlikely to be eligible for the BBRS. The BBRS cannot overturn a decision made by a court. However, we would expect to be able to consider a complaint by the Guarantor relating to elements of a complaint that were not considered by the court.

If you have given a personal guarantee to a bank participating in the BBRS for a loan to an eligible business you can bring a complaint if you have personally suffered financial or other loss or harm (other harm can include material distress or inconvenience) as a result of giving that guarantee.

If you are uncertain whether or not you are eligible, we would recommend speaking to your customer champion.

Provided that our eligibility criteria are met and the cases were registered before midnight on 13^th December 2024, we can consider multiple complaints from multiple businesses. Each of the businesses can bring a complaint to the BBRS.

Even though the same person might have registered the complaint(s), we will generally consider each business as an individual case and they will be administered and investigated separately unless their complaints relate to the same incident and bank. In that case, if the businesses are part of the same Group, or are ‘connected’, we will generally deal with them together.

Your complaint must not be the subject of current litigation or have been settled. Your complaint must not have been decided already by the courts.

If you have been subject to litigation in relation to the complaint, such as repossession, you can still bring your complaint to the BBRS.

You or the authorised representative can bring a complaint to the BBRS provided the eligibility criteria are met. Insolvency does not impact eligibility for BBRS but the complaint must be brought by the insolvency practitioner (IP) or an individual who has been authorised or granted an assignment by the IP in writing. The individual must also have (or had) a role in the business such as director, shareholder, partner, trustee, member or sole trader. Then, providing your case meets our other eligibility criteria, your case will progress in the same way as any other business.

If you have given a personal guarantee for finance to a bank participating in the BBRS scheme, and if that finance is for an eligible business for the BBRS scheme, then you may be able to bring a complaint. To bring a complaint you must have suffered financial loss, or some other form of loss or harm (for example material distress or inconvenience).

Please email hello@thebbrs.org if you wish your contact preferences to be changed, or please call 0345 646 8825 and one of our team will be able to help you (Monday – Friday, 9am – 5pm). If we have already started work on your case and assigned you a customer champion, please inform them of your contact preferences.

You can contact us by email at hello@thebbrs.org for all general enquiries. Additional contact information can be found here. If we have already started working on your case and assigned you a customer champion, please reach out to them directly.

If you have any general enquiries that have not been answered please contact hello@thebbrs.org. If we have already started work on your case and assigned you a customer champion, please raise any questions with them.

If your case is under review by the BBRS you will have been provided log-in information for the BBRS Case Management System, you can access case information here. Alternatively, you can contact your customer champion.

If you have been provided with a password to our online portal but have forgotten it, you will be able to reset your password by following a ‘forgotten password’ link. You will also be able to call the BBRS to ask for help with this on 0345 646 8825.

The BBRS may, in some circumstances, be able to look at complaints that are ineligible. These cases are known as ‘concessionary cases’, and have previously been known as ‘boundary cases’. You can find out more about this here.

Anyone concerned about the eligibility of their case for the BBRS’ service is encouraged to contact us, or speak to your customer champion. The BBRS will consider whether a complaint or any part of it is eligible for the service.

Excluded schemes are also known as independent reviews. You can find a list of the excluded schemes here.

It is a means of resolving a dispute outside the traditional court system. While our ability to use investigative adjudication is important, many cases will be more suitable for one of the range of other ADR techniques at our disposal such as mediation.

You can find out more about these techniques here.

We are referring to the business’ total (or gross) assets, not its net assets.

A complaint must relate to a banking service, such as lending or payment services.

Claims management companies are commercial businesses or individuals that handle certain types of claim, including complaints about financial services and products.

All claims management companies in England, Scotland and Wales must be authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) to operate legally – find out more here.

Our service has been designed to ensure that customers do not need any representatives (legal, claims management or other).

Before you consider using a claims management company, or any other professional third party, please bear in mind that every case will be assigned a customer champion. You can find out more about their role here.

If your complaint is eligible for the Financial Ombudsman Service, you must take it there, because we will not be able to deal with it. If you are unsure about your eligibility for that service, you can find details here.

Important: The Financial Ombudsman Service has a deadline for bringing complaint(s) of six months after the date of the bank’s final response letter to you. If you miss this deadline, you will most likely lose the opportunity to have your complaint independently reviewed.

No. If your complaint is eligible for the Financial Ombudsman Service, you must take it there because we will not be able to deal with it. If you are unsure about your eligibility for that service, you can find details here.

Important: The Financial Ombudsman Service has a deadline for bringing complaint(s) of six months after the date of the bank’s final response letter to you. If you miss this deadline, you will most likely lose the opportunity to have your complaint independently reviewed.

No. If your complaint is eligible for the Financial Ombudsman Service, you must take it there because we will not be able to deal with it. If you are unsure about your eligibility for that service, you can find details here.

Important: The Financial Ombudsman Service has a deadline for bringing complaint(s) of six months after the date of the bank’s final response letter to you. If you miss this deadline, you will most likely lose the opportunity to have your complaint independently reviewed.

Yes. The BBRS is set up to respond flexibly to meet the needs of customers. For more information, please contact us or speak to your customer champion.

The BBRS is free: there are no costs for the services provided by the BBRS.

Yes. If you have a complaint about the service you have received from the BBRS, you can find out about our Service Complaints procedure here.

The BBRS is not a public body and is therefore not subject to Freedom of Information requests.  However, we will from time to time publish information about our casework in line with our rules.

If you wish to enquire about any personal data that the BBRS may hold about you, you can make a Data Subject Access request to the BBRS. The BBRS will respond to all Data Subject Access Requests in accordance with its Privacy Policy, which can be found here.

The BBRS has been established to provide a service that does not involve litigation or require external legal support. You are able to choose to seek advice from a lawyer if you wish and at your own cost.